![]() The introduction of fire blight in Kazakhstan, first registered in 2008 (Drenova et al. 2016), adding new countries in its distribution area in the last decades. ![]() 2021), while simultaneously spreading from North America to South-East Asia (Myung et al. Since it was first described in the USA around 1780, fire blight has expanded its distribution area to New Zealand in 1920, reaching Europe in 1957 (Thomson 2000) and continuing its expansion to the east to Central Asia (Djaimurzina et al. sieversii, as well as for local pomaceous-fruit growing communities.įire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) is a serious disease of apples, pears, and other plants of family Rosaceae, especially of the subfamily Maloideae (Van der Zwet & Keil 1979 Vanneste 2000). sieversii, additional measures for fire blight control and prevention will have to be implemented, including state monitoring of the wild apple forests for disease symptoms and awareness campaigns for specially protected natural territories that safeguard M. Considering the relative proximity of the infections to the forests of wild M. ![]() All isolates belonged to the archetypal CRISPR genotype A. A total of 91 samples with fire blight-compatible symptoms were collected from cultural apples (68), wild apple (10), pear (5), hawthorn (7), and quince (1) in south-eastern and eastern Kazakhstan, resulting in 21 isolates (one from pear, one from quince, and 19 from apple) of E. The goal of this study was to monitor the distribution of fire blight in private households and small orchards in the zones adjacent to wild apple distribution areas. ![]() In 2022, late spring and early summer were characterized by increased rainfall and moderate temperatures favorable for the disease. In the period 2019–2021, the spread of fire blight in the growth area of wild apples was limited by the weather conditions. Here, the disease poses a threat not only to agricultural production of apples and pears, but also to the forests of wild Malus sieversii, the progenitor of most domesticated apple varieties worldwide. Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora reached Kazakhstan in 2008. ![]()
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